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What is Plagiarism?

Per Dictionary.com, Plagiarism is "an act or instance of using or closely imitating the language and thoughts of another author without authorization and the representation of that author's work as one's own, as by not crediting the original author". (https://www.dictionary.com/browse/plagiarism).  Basically, if you use words or ideas of someone else and DO NOT CREDIT THAT PERSON, that is PLAGIARISM.  Please be aware, you can plagiarize from anyone - not just from "authors/creators".  You can Plagiarize from friends, colleagues, classmates, or anyone!

1.  Accidental Plagiarism - when a student does not know how to cite correctly or how to properly attribute works and/or ideas that belong to others.  This can include not knowing when to properly attribute other's works and/or ideas.

2.  Intentional Plagiarism -  when a student knowingly takes credit for someone else's work by copying/pasting (either portion or entire works) without citation or attribution or using/purchasing a paper written by someone else (either one person or an online "paper mill").

3.  Self-Plagiarism - when you reuse a work that you created before.  Yes, you can plagiarize yourself!.  If you even use a portion of a work you created before without proper citation/attribute, that is self -plagiarism.

http://oddblogger.com/a-discussion-on-plagiarism/     

What is Self-Plagiarism?  Self-Plagiarism is using work you had previously created for your current project without proper citation!  Some argue that self-plagiarism is not possible as you are not "stealing" the work since you previously created it.  However, per Merriam-Webster dictionary, to plagiarize is also "to commit literary theft : present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source".  This means that if you have created a work and then take from it, you are taking from "an existing source", i.e., "Self-Plagiarism".  So why is this bad?  After all, this is your work.  What self-plagiarism does is it misrepresents your work to the reader.  When reading a paper, the reader presumes that any work that is not cited is "original work".  Self-Plagiarism   means you are letting the reader think that this is "new work" when it is not.  By citing your work, you are telling the reader "yes, this is my work and here is where I first stated this", allowing the reader the opportunity to review the prior work.  Citing previous work actually strengthens your position to the reader. 

Cabarrus College Handbook states under Types of Academic Dishonesty that one form of cheating is "Submitting the same work or major portions thereof to satisfy the requirements of more than one course without permission from the instructors involved." (p.37).  If you wish to use portions of one work for another work, you MUST speak with the instructors involved.  If you are able to "reuse" the work you MUST CITE IT like you would any other source. 

For example, you are given an assignment your first semester in English and you write a paper about Eleanor Roosevelt.  The next semester you are given an assignment in History to write about the Great Depression.  You want to use a couple of paragraphs about the influence of Eleanor Roosevelt on President Roosevelt.  You will need to discuss this with both instructors.  If they give permission to use this information, you will need to CITE IT like all your other sources. 

http://explosm.net/comics/2264/?fbclid=IwAR0r7D3AZgXe0GLiI5cSUmKckIL36Bs_RrrcEoNWgFP6LiwWyDrcOK9hmsE

(used with permission from Cyanide and Happiness)

How to Avoid Plagiarism

So I get it - Plagiarism is bad.  So, how do I avoid it?  I have to write this paper and do all of this research.  What can I do to avoid Plagiarizing other people's work?  Here are some TIPS to help AVOID PLAGIARISM:

1. Start early.  If you start early, you have more time to pay attention and catch errors (such as accidental plagiarism or forgetting to cite a source).  Take the time to thoroughly proofread your paper and make sure that you have cited everything.
2. Quotes.  If you quote something directly, make sure you properly cite where you found that quote.
3. Paraphrase.  Make sure that you still give credit to the author if you paraphrase an idea.  Just because it is in your own words does not mean it is your idea.
4. Add Value.  Mix your ideas and conclusions within your work.  This also shows that you have understood your topic.
5. Citation.  As you write, make sure you properly cite as you go. There are many benefits to this, including making it harder to forget a source.
6. Reference Page.  As you research, create a reference page.  Add to it as you do your research and you are less likely to forget to add a source when you are finishing your work.
7. Internet.  Remember, information that is found on the internet needs to be cited.  If you are using information that you found online, it needs to be cited.
8. Previous Work.  Even if it something that you have created previously, you will still need to properly cite that work.  Failure to do so is called Self-Plagiarism.
9. When in Doubt, Ask.  Believe it or not, strong papers have a lot of sources.  If you are in doubt, ask your instructor.

http://s5304.pcdn.co/guides/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/plagiarisim-011.jpg

There are many ways to Plagiarize a work.  Below are some examples of Plagiarism:

• Purchasing a work off the internet
• Using someone else's work, even if you did not pay for it (ie, using your roommate's paper)
• Copy & Paste a portion of someone else's work into your work and not properly attribute (cite) it
• Quoting off the internet and not properly attributing (citing) it
• Creating a citation that does not exist
• Not crediting or citing someone else's ideas when you paraphrase that idea
• Reusing your work without properly attributing (citing) it (Self-Plagiarism)

Plagiarism FAQs

1.   I found a great quote in the book Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austin.  The work is in Public Domain, so I can use it without worrying about Plagiarism, right?  NO.  Even though a work is in Public Domain, if you use a work without proper credit, it is Plagiarism.  You may use the quote if you cite the work properly and attribute it to Jane Austin.
2.  I am going to use a conclusion I found in a study.  I am going to put the information in my own words - I don't need to worry about citing since I will paraphrase the information in my own words, correct?  NO.  You are still using someone else's idea's.  You need to properly cite the source of your research and give credit to the author of the study.
3.  My brother wrote a paper about my topic; I can use his information and not worry about Plagiarism.  No, you are claiming his work as your own and this is Plagiarism.
4. I am writing a paper about Shakespeare and I want to quote some lines of his play Hamlet, how do I do that and avoid Plagiarism?  You need to make sure that the lines are in the proper APA format and you properly attribute the quote per APA guidelines.
5. So in my paper I want to use a commonly know fact - do I need to cite it?  No.  Commonly known information does not need to be cited.  Information such as "freezing temperature of water is 32° F" or "Raleigh is the capital of North Carolina" does not need to be cited.  If in doubt, ask your instructor.
6. I am building on a previous paper I wrote.  Since this is my own work, I don't need to do anything, right?  Wrong!  If it is for a class, you need to speak to both instructors and make sure they are comfortable with you using a previous work.  If they are, you will still need to cite the work as you would with any other work.  If this is for publication, you will need to cite it!
7. I wrote my paper and I have a Reference Page; that is all I need, right?  When you review your paper, you need to make sure that you have correctly used in-text citations, quotations, block quotes, paraphrases, and summaries.  Remember, if in doubt, ask your instructor.

To further your knowledge, faculty recommends viewing the Plagiarism Tutorial from Z. Smith Reynolds Library at Wake Forest University.